Reference/Drug Pricing Datasets

Drug Pricing Datasets

The U.S. drug pricing landscape includes multiple benchmarks — NADAC, ASP, AWP, WAC, and MAC — each measuring something different about what drugs cost. Understanding which dataset to use, and when, is critical for accurate pharmacy analytics, reimbursement modeling, and contract benchmarking.

Public datasets

NADAC, ASP

Paid datasets

AWP, WAC

Most frequent

NADAC (weekly)

Level

NDC / HCPCS

Five Benchmarks Compared

Each benchmark measures a different point in the drug supply chain. NADAC and ASP are publicly available from CMS. AWP and WAC require paid subscriptions. MAC varies by PBM.

NADACNational Average Drug Acquisition Cost
Publisher: CMS
Cadence: Weekly
Level: NDC
Access: Free / public

Basis: Voluntary pharmacy invoice surveys

Best for: Pharmacy acquisition cost benchmarking, Medicaid reimbursement analysis

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ASPAverage Sales Price
Publisher: CMS
Cadence: Quarterly
Level: HCPCS / NDC
Access: Free / public

Basis: Manufacturer-reported net selling price after rebates and discounts

Best for: Medicare Part B physician-administered drug reimbursement

AWPAverage Wholesale Price
Publisher: Compendia (Red Book, Medi-Span)
Cadence: Monthly
Level: NDC
Access: Paid subscription

Basis: Manufacturer-set list price — no audit or survey requirement

Best for: Legacy contract pricing, co-pay tier calculations

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WACWholesale Acquisition Cost
Publisher: Manufacturers
Cadence: Varies
Level: NDC
Access: Paid subscription

Basis: Manufacturer list price to wholesalers, before discounts

Best for: Contract negotiation starting point, 340B ceiling price calculation

MACMaximum Allowable Cost
Publisher: PBMs / State Medicaid
Cadence: Varies
Level: Drug group
Access: Varies

Basis: PBM or state-set reimbursement ceiling for multi-source generics

Best for: Generic reimbursement rate caps

Which Benchmark Answers Which Question?

NADAC

What did pharmacies actually pay for this drug?

Based on real invoice data from pharmacy surveys. Most transparent benchmark.

ASP + 6%

What does Medicare reimburse for physician-administered drugs?

CMS sets Part B reimbursement at ASP plus a percentage add-on.

WAC

What is the manufacturer's list price?

The wholesale acquisition cost before any discounts, rebates, or chargebacks.

MAC

What is the maximum a PBM will reimburse for a generic?

PBMs and state Medicaid programs set ceiling prices for multi-source generics.

AWP

What benchmark do legacy pharmacy contracts reference?

AWP minus a discount (e.g., AWP-15%) is still common in older contracts.

NADAC vs. ASP — Coverage Differences

NADAC and ASP are both free CMS datasets, but they cover different drug channels with minimal overlap. NADAC covers pharmacy-dispensed drugs (oral tablets, capsules, inhalers). ASP covers physician-administered drugs (infusions, injections). A complete pricing picture requires both.

NADAC coverage

Pharmacy-dispensed drugs

Oral solids, topicals, inhalers, self-injectable pens — drugs dispensed at retail or mail-order pharmacies. ~27,000 NDCs with weekly pricing updates.

ASP coverage

Physician-administered drugs

IV infusions, injections, and specialty biologics administered in physician offices or hospital outpatient settings under Medicare Part B. ~700 HCPCS codes with quarterly updates.

Sample Pricing Data

A combined view across NADAC and ASP showing how different drug types appear in each dataset. Oral drugs appear in NADAC; physician-administered drugs appear in ASP; a few specialty drugs appear in both.

DrugNADAC / unitASP / unit
Atorvastatin 10 MG Tablet$0.041
Lisinopril 10 MG Tablet$0.020
Metformin 500 MG Tablet$0.022
Eliquis 5 MG Tablet$17.50
Keytruda 100 MG/4 ML Vial$5,948
Avastin 400 MG/16 ML Vial$3,226
Lupron Depot 7.5 MG Kit$1,640
Humira 40 MG Pen$6,922$6,451

Illustrative per-unit prices. “—” indicates the drug is not covered by that benchmark. Download a free sample.

How TwinFyRx handles drug pricing

TwinFyRx ingests both NADAC (weekly) and Medicare ASP (quarterly) into a unified data platform. All pricing data is keyed at the NDC level and joined to the full RxNorm drug hierarchy via the ndc_rxnorm crosswalk, enabling pricing analysis at any level — from individual package to ingredient roll-up.